ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 1)ÿ The complete title of one (or more) paper(s) published in the open literature describing the work that the author claims describes a human-competitive result; a. On the ÒZero of Potential of the Electric Field Produced by the Heart BeatÓ. A Machine Capable of Estimating this Underlying Persistent Error in Electrocardiography b. Computing a New Central Terminal for ECG recording using combined Genetic Algorithm and linear regression from real patient data ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 2- The name, complete physical mailing address, e-mail address, and phone number of EACH author of EACH paper(s) Hossein Moeinzadeh The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development Western Sydney University, Sydney NSW 2214, Australia Email: h.moeinzadeh@westernsydney.edu.au Tel: +61 2 4736 0537 Gaetano D. Gargiulo The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development Western Sydney University, Sydney NSW 2214, Australia Email: G.Gargiulo@westernsydney.edu.au Tel: +61 2 47360 920 Paolo Bifulco Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI) ÒFederico IIÓ The University of Naples, Italy Email: pabifulc@unina.it Tel: +39 81 7683794 Mario Cesarelli Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI) ÒFederico IIÓ The University of Naples, Italy Email: cesarell@unina.it Tel: +39 81 7683788 Alistair L. McEwan School of EIE, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia Email: alistair.mcewan@sydney.edu.au Tel: +61 2 9351 7256 Aiden OÕLoughlin School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney NSW 2650, Australia Email: A.O'Loughlin@Westernsydney.edu.au Ibrahim M. Shugman Cardiology Department, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney NSW 2650, Australia Email: shugmano@hotmail.com Jonathan C. Tapson The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development Western Sydney University, Sydney NSW 2214, Australia Email: J.Tapson@westernsydney.edu.au Aravinda Thiagalingam School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia Email: aravinda.thiagalingam@sydney.edu.au Tel: +61 2 98456795 ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 3- The name of the corresponding author (i.e., the author to whom notices will be sent concerning the competition) Hossein Moeinzadeh ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 4- The abstract of the paper(s) a. Modern electrocardiography (ECG) uses a constructed reference potential for the majority of leads. This reference potential, named after its inventor as the Wilson central terminal, is assumed to have negligible value and to be stationary during the cardiac cycle. However, the problem of its variability during the cardiac cycle has been known almost since the inception of 12-lead electrocardiography. Due to the cumbersomeness of the measurement system required to fully appreciate these variations, this topic has received scant research attention during the last 60 years. Taking advantage of modern electronic amplifiersÕ capability to detect small voltages, drawing only femtoamperes from physiological equivalent signal sources and of the right-leg connection availability, we developed a complete electrocardiography device that, aside from the eight independent signals of the standard 12-lead ECG, allows direct recording of the Wilson central terminal components. In this paper, we present details of the circuit together with its initial clinical evaluation. For this trial, we recorded data from 44 volunteer patients at Campbelltown Hospital (Campbelltown, Australia) and we found that the Wilson central terminal amplitude, as foreseen by Frank and others in the 1950s, is not negligible, its amplitude in relation to the lead II is, on average, 51.2%, and thus it may be clinically relevant. b. Modern electrocardiography (ECG) uses the Wilson Central Terminal (WCT) as a reference point for the majority of leads. WCT is assumed to be near zero and steady during the cardiac cycle. However, due to the measurement encumbrances of the real amplitude of WCT, this assumption has never been verified in clinical practice. Using our own recently developed 15-lead ECG device that can measure WCT components in addition to 12-lead ECGs in a clinical setting, we propose a framework to derive a New Central Terminal (NCT) with demonstrated less variation and near zero amplitude during the cardiac cycle. Our method is based upon application of a Genetic Algorithm (first 1000 samples), and then a linear regression to calculate the NCT for the rest of the recording. ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 5- A list containing one or more of the eight letters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, or H) that correspond to the criteria (see above) that the author claims that the work satisfies D ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 6- A statement stating why the result satisfies the criteria that the contestant claims (see examples of statements of human-competitiveness as a guide to aid in constructing this part of the submission) In 1946, Bayley et al. was able to record a manifestation of the Wilson Central Terminal (WCT) by encasing a living human being in a metal structure acting as source electrode submerged into a sealed tank containing water (return electrode). They found out the amplitude of WCT was as high as 40% of limb leads, with lots of variation during the cardiac cycle. They also tried with little or none success to verify the original hypothesis that WCT is negligible and mostly null by altering the three weight resistors connected to the limbs that form the WCT. As result, this experiment undermined the assumption in ECG recording which indicates that WCT is near zero and steady during the cardiac cycle. Although this assumption proved to be wrong, due to the cumbersomeness of the measuring apparatus, it continued to be used in ECG data recording. In our first paper, we described the design of a new device capable to record WCT directly from the standard electrodes. Our recordings in a clinical setting confirmed the measurements obtained during Bayley et. Al experiments in 1946, specifically, assuming lead II as gauge, we found that the amplitude of WCT in relation to lead II is 51.2% on average. In our second paper, using a genetic algorithm we have been able to achieve were Bayley et Al, have failed: minimize the amplitude of WCT for all of the recordings. (D) The first paper was published on machine journal in 2016, which is the open access journal on machinery and engineering, and our second paper was accepted in GECCO conference 2017. ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 7- A full citation of the paper (that is, author names; publication date; name of journal, conference, technical report, thesis, book, or book chapter; name of editors, if applicable, of the journal or edited book; publisher name; publisher city; page numbers, if applicable) Gargiulo, G., P. Bifulco, M. Cesarelli, A. McEwan, H. Moeinzadeh, A. OÕLoughlin, I. Shugman, J. Tapson and A. Thiagalingam. "On the ÒZero of Potential of the Electric Field Produced by the Heart BeatÓ. A Machine Capable of Estimating this Underlying Persistent Error in Electrocardiography." Machines 4(4): 18, 2016. doi:10.3390/machines4040018 H. Moeinzadeh, Gargiulo, G., P. Bifulco, M. Cesarelli, A. McEwan, A. OÕLoughlin, I. Shugman, J. Tapson and A. Thiagalingam. "Computing a New Central Terminal for ECG recording using combined Genetic Algorithm and linear regression from real patient data", accepted in GECCO 2017. ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 8-A statement either that "any prize money, if any, is to be divided equally among the co-authors" OR a specific percentage breakdown as to how the prize money, if any, is to be divided among the co-authors Co-authors agreed that prize money, if any, is to be awarded to Hossein Moeinzadeh. ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 9- A statement stating why the authors expect that their entry would be the "best" in comparison to other entries that may also be "human-competitive" It is the first time after 1954, that we can record WCT signal very easily. We proposed a new reference point for human body that could be used in ECG data recording. We believe our approach is a pioneer in the ECG recording field, and that it could improve the resolution of ECG recording leading to a better diagnostic tool for cardiac abnormalities. We aim to investigate the full implications of our findings in the next step of this ongoing project ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ 10- An indication of the general type of genetic or evolutionary computation used, such as GA (genetic algorithms), GP (genetic programming), ES (evolution strategies), EP (evolutionary programming), LCS (learning classifier systems), GE (grammatical evolution), GEP (gene expression programming), DE (differential evolution), etc. Genetic Algorithm ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ