1. The complete title of the paper: Towards the development of robot immune system: A combined approach involving innate immune cells and T-lymphocytes. 2. The name, complete physical mailing address, e-mail address, and phone number of EACH author of the paper: Maria Akram mariaakram86@gmail.com +92 333 4427 564 Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering University of Engineering and Technology GT Road, Lahore Pakistan. Ali Raza ali.raza@ymail.com +92 331 4030 312 Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering University of Engineering and Technology GT Road, Lahore Pakistan. 3. The name of the corresponding author (i.e., the author to whom notices will be sent concerning the competition): Maria Akram 4. The abstract of the paper: Mobile robots in uncertain and unstructuredenvironments frequently encounter faults. Therefore, an effective fault detection and recovery mechanism is required. One can possibly investigate natural systems to seek inspiration to develop systems that can handle such faults. Authors, in this pursuit, have explored the possibility of designing an artificial immune system, called Robot Immune System (RIS), to maintain a robot’s internal healthequilibrium. This contrasts with existing approaches in which specific robotic tasks are performed instead of developing a self-healing robot. In this respect, a fault detection and recovery methodology based on innate and adaptive immune functions has been successfully designed and developed. The immuno-inspired methodology is applied to a simulated robot using Robot Operating System and Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform. Through extensive simulations in increasingly difficult scenarios, the RIS has proven successful in autonomously detecting the abnormal behaviors, performing the recovery actions, and maintaining the homeostasis in the robot. In addition to being multi-tiered, the developed RIS is also a non-deterministic and population-based system. 5. A list containing one or more of the eight letters (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, or H) that correspond to the criteria (see above) that the author claims that the work satisfies: (B) The result is equal to or better than a result that was accepted as a new scientific result at the time when it was published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. (D) The result is publishable in its own right as a new scientific result independent of the fact that the result was mechanically created. (E) The result is equal to or better than the most recent human-created solution to a long-standing problem for which there has been a succession of increasingly better human-created solutions 6. A statement stating why the result satisfies the criteria that the contestant claims (see examples of statements of human-competitiveness as a guide to aid in constructing this part of the submission): This research satisfy the listed criterion because the results indicate (a) that the approach developed here has not only ensured successful task completion but also maintained health of robot, (b) a promising initial and foundational attempt for developing a biologically inspired health-maintenance system for robots thus making a significant contribution to the field, and (c) that the robot immune system developed here is adressing the issues of unreliability of mobile robots in field more effectively and efficiently than existing approaches. We present support of each of these points in detail below. (B) The extant literature shows that the immune functions have been used to complete a specific task by the robot in the presence of faults. Our paper develops and examines the effectiveness and efficiency of a paradigmaticaly new approach inspired by biological immune system for maintenance of robot-health. The proposed approach is based on continous monitoring of robot-health-indicators and execution of suitable recovery actions to address faults and maintain homeostasis in the robot. The results indicate that health maintenance in turn enables the robot complete its tasks successfully and significant improvement in the state-of-the-art. This generic model, which can be implemented on various robots with minor modifications, provides the robot its own immune system, called robot immune system (RIS), thus enabling it to identify various faults through abnormal health indicators and recover from them. (D) The results of the research are publishable in their own right for two important reasons. Firstly, despite strong recognition of need for robut mobile robot health maintenance system and the promise of biological immunity the concept of robot-health-maintenance is not explored. The results of this research show that biological immune system based robot immune system (RIS) is significantly more effective and efficient in preventing the possible severe damages to the robot by timely detection of the existance of a fault and treat at initial level. Secondly, the generic nature of the approach allows the RIS to be implemented on other robots with minor or no modifications to perform a variety of tasks in a dynamic environment while experiencing various faults. Therefore, the proposed, developed, and tested approach has theoretical importance and practical usage. (E) The mechanism of timely detection of and recovery from faults in mobile robots seeks to enable them to work autonomously and for longer hours in the environment where physical intervetion by human is difficult. Previously, scholars have used immune functions to only solve specific robotic tasks. Our novel immuno-inspired approach outperforms the existing models by providing a generic health-maintenance model, implementable on other robots, that results in a healthy robot and successful completion of various tasks. 7. A full citation of the paper: Akram, Maria, and Ali Raza. "Towards the development of robot immune system: A combined approach involving innate immune cells and T-lymphocytes." Biosystems 172 (2018): 52-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.08.003 8. A statement either that "any prize money, if any, is to be divided equally among the co-authors" OR a specific percentage breakdown as to how the prize money, if any, is to be divided among the co-authors; Prize money, if any, is to be divided equally among co-authors. 9. A statement stating why the authors expect that their entry would be the "best": Seeking inspiration from the immune capabilities of humans to recover against various diseases, we make an initial and foundational attempt for developing a robot immune system to be used for health maintenance of mobile robots. Our reserach does so by proposing, developing, examining, and validating a paradigmatically new approach for health maintenance of robots. Notwithstanding the conventional application of the immune functions to solve specific robotics-related problems in extant research we have provided a bilogically inspired immune system for robots, named as Robot Immune System (RIS). RIS helps the robot to timely, autonomously and adaptively treat intrinsic and extrinsic faults, like humans, by identifying abnormal health indicators, recovering from faults, and successfully performing different tasks. RIS is based on a generic approach that can be implemented on other robots with minor modifications thus lending invaluable generalizability to RIS. 10. An indication of the general type of genetic or evolutionary computation used, such as GA (genetic algorithms), GP (genetic programming), ES (evolution strategies), EP (evolutionary programming), LCS (learning classifier systems), GE (grammatical evolution), GEP (gene expression programming), DE (differential evolution), etc. Artificial Immune System 11. The date of publication of each paper. If the date of publication is not on or before the deadline for submission, but instead, the paper has been unconditionally accepted for publication and is “in press” by the deadline for this competition, the entry must include a copy of the documentation establishing that the paper meets the "in press" requirement. 10 August, 2018